A letter signed by the House of Bishops, including Archbishop of Canterbury and the Archbishop of York is being sent to the main Westminster parties.
Parts of the letter, seen by the media, describe Britain's nuclear weapons as having a 'scale of indiscriminate destructive power.'
Titled 'A guide on how Christian men and women should vote', it says: "Trident [is] only justifiable, if at all, by appeal to the principle of mutually assured destruction.
"For many, including many Christians, that in itself was a deeply problematic argument, although there were also many who were prepared to live with the strategy because it appeared to secure peace and save lives.
"Shifts in the global strategic realities mean that the traditional arguments for nuclear deterrence need re-examining".
MPs are to decide on whether to renew Trident soon.
The letter, which is also addressed to all Church members, appears to suggest Anglican bishops would actively campaign for the UK to stay in the EU in the event of a referendum.
David Cameron has promised an in/out referendum on the UK's membership of the European Union if he wins a majority in May's election.
But the bishops say: "After the Second World War, the nations of Europe sought to rebuild for prosperity through a shared determination that never again would global neighbours resort to mass slaughter.
"English churchmen worked tirelessly to promote understanding and cooperation between the European churches and to encourage the political institutions of the European nations to work for the common good and focus on what they shared, not what divided them.
"That history is not an argument for the structures and institutions of the European Union as they now exist. But it is an enduring argument for continuing to build structures of trust and cooperation between the nations of Europe."
Conor Burns, the Conservative MP for Bournemouth West, told the Telegraph: "It is deeply disturbing that the church appears to be entering the political arena based on a series of clear misrepresentations of facts.
"The call to abandon our nuclear defence in increasingly uncertain times and for more EU integration with no consultation of the British public will rightly cause concern across the country."
The official letter is to be published on Tuesday.