Most Revd Justin Welby joined with leaders of the Islamic, Jewish and Sikh communities to call for UK ministers to take urgent action to stop global warming.
Leaders from the Catholic Church in England and Wales, the Methodist Conference and other churches have also signed the declaration.
The document from Lambeth Palace says senior Anglican clergy will 'fast and pray' for the success of key UN talks in Paris in December aiming to secure a new global deal on climate change.
"As leaders of the faith communities we recognise the urgent need for action on climate change," it says.
"From the perspective of our different faiths we see the Earth as a beautiful gift. We are all called to care for the Earth and have a responsibility to live creatively and sustainably in a world of finite resources."
The document also warns that climate change is affecting the world's poorest people and that the "demands of justice as well as creation" mean urgent action is required.
People of faith are urged to change their lifestyles and be more sustainable in the declaration: "As representatives of the vast numbers of people of faith across the globe, we urge our Government to use their influence to achieve a legally-binding commitment at the international Climate Change talks in Paris, and with the continuing programme beyond.
"Through our various traditions we bring our prayers for the success of the negotiations."
Rt Revd Nicholas Holtam, the Church of England's lead bishop on the environment, said: "The impact of climate change is something about which all people of faith are concerned. We need to work together in order to find our responses to some of the most significant moral issues facing the world.
"Along with many Christians, I am glad to be part of Wednesday's climate change lobby at Westminster. We want to encourage our politicians to keep Britain committed to taking a global lead on climate change."
The declaration has been published a day before Pope Francis releases his widely anticipated encyclical on the environment.
Part of the document was leaked yesterday.