The piece is being touted as one of the highlights of the 'Going Public' exhibition, which includes some of Europe's 'finest' private collections of twentieth century and contemporary art on view at venues across the city.
Cyber Iconic Man by the Chapman brothers has been positioned in the cathedral's Chapel of the Holy Spirit.
Speaking to the BBC, Very Reverend Peter Bradley, dean of Sheffield Cathedral, said: "A lot of classic religious art shows images of really rather frightening violence, [such as] the crucifixion. But we don't notice that because we don't actually see it as violence. We see it purely as an illustration of a story.
"Some of these artworks invite us to reflect on violence, and violence in a religious context, in a new way, and that's strong, certainly."
Jake and Dinos Chapman, Maurizio Cattelan, among other leading contemporary artists, will be displayed throughout Sheffield Cathedral, drawn from the Sandretto Re Rebaudengo collection.
The project draws on collections from four leading art patrons: Nicolas Cattelain (London), Dominique & Sylvain Levy (dslcollection, Paris), Egidio Marzona (Berlin) and Patrizia Sandretto Re Rebaudengo (Turin).
Going Public: International Art Collectors in Sheffield runs from the 16th September - 12th December 2015.
