Earlier this month MPs voted to back the mitochondrial donation technique.
Members of the chamber were expected to approve the proposal, which now makes Britain the first country in the world to allow the procedures, aimed at preventing serious inherited mitochondrial diseases.
It involves taking the healthy DNA from a woman and using it to replace an unhealthy part of the birth mother's egg.
Christian peer Lord Alton told Premier approving the method was a step the UK should not take.
Speaking on Premier's News Hour, he said: "One of the two procedures requires between two and 10 human embryos to be destroyed every time.
"Also it crosses this red line that in this country people have said we do not want to alter the genetic makeup of human beings."
He added: "There are certain steps we should never take and one of them is to radically alter the genetic makeup of human beings and also to sacrifice human embryos unnecessarily"
Critics say no clinical trial has taken place and there is no proof it is safe for humans.
The Church of England says it doesn't oppose the technique in principle, but wants to see more evidence that it's safe and effective before approving.
The charity Christian Concern also says the technique is a slippery slope to so-called 'designer babies'.
England's chief medical officer Dame Sally Davies says a "very strong regulatory system" would be in place for mitochondrial DNA transfer, and says tests so far "suggest" it is safe.
Dr Jeremy Farrar, Director of the Wellcome Trust, said after Lords approved the technique:
"Families who know what it is like to care for a child with a devastating disease are the people best placed to decide whether mitochondrial donation is the right option for them.
"Parliament's decision is a credit to the patients, scientists, doctors and ethicists who have worked so hard over the past decade to explain this complex research to politicians, the public and the media, and to the exemplary process for reviewing scientific, ethical and public opinion led by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority."