Leading anti-trafficking charity Care for Scotland said the Human Trafficking and Exploitation (Scotland) Bill was a "major step forward in the fight against modern day slavery".
The passing of the Bill means Scotland becomes the final part of the United Kingdom to introduce dedicated anti-trafficking laws.
The Scottish Government said the law would mean the introduction of "a new single human trafficking offence to bring those responsible for human trafficking and exploitation to justice as well as guaranteeing victims support".
However Care criticised the Bill for not banning the paying for sex.
CARE for Scotland Parliamentary Officer Dr Gordon Macdonald said: "This landmark piece of legislation will help combat the vile trade that is modern day human trafficking.
"The Scottish Government should be commended for their willingness to listen to concerns raised by CARE for Scotland and others.
"While we acknowledge the general excellence of the legislation, the failure to tackle demand for paid sex is an obvious and glaring one.
"There is no doubt demand for paid sex is one of the main drivers behind human trafficking and so the Scottish Government should give serious consideration to introducing new legislation to facilitate this at the earliest opportunity.
"Now Scotland has joined the rest of the UK in implementing anti-slavery laws, the work must begin in ensuring they are effectively implemented."
Justice Secretary Michael Matheson, said: "Victims of human trafficking and exploitation can face horrendous suffering and there is no place for it in modern society. That is why I am delighted that the new laws introduced by this Government will protect those subjected to these terrible crimes while ensuring those who seek to peddle human misery face the toughest possible penalties.
"Scotland's law enforcement agencies now have greater tools in their armoury to bring those responsible for human trafficking and exploitation to justice. Previously, criminal law against trafficking and exploitation was spread across different legislation but our new law will provide consistency and give our police and prosecutors a clearer set of guidelines around how to track down and prosecute criminals.
"We know, however, that legislation alone will not help to identify potential victims. That's why, alongside these new laws, we're also developing a Trafficking and Exploitation Strategy and building on the work already undertaken to increase public awareness, training for front-line staff and engagement with businesses to help spot the signs of potential trafficking and exploitation."
Police Scotland Deputy Chief Constable Iain Livingstone added: "We welcome the new Human Trafficking legislation which we are confident will provide all agencies with the legislative framework to more effectively tackle this despicable crime and better support victims.
"Trafficking is challenging to identify in the many different forms it sadly exists, but also challenging and complex to prevent and to investigate. Most investigations are protracted and cross borders, nationally and internationally, as people are moved around.
"Those who are trafficked are extremely vulnerable and are at risk of being exploited relentlessly by criminal gangs who prey on them for the sole purpose of making money.
"Trafficking is unacceptable. We will target those who trade in human beings and we will work with partners to ensure victims have the support they need.
"This new law sends a clear signal to those who choose to exploit and enslave others, that we are committed to ending this horrific crime and that we will pursue those responsible to bring them to justice."