The Christian Institute commissioned a poll that claims one in four parents are worried about taking their children to A&E or to the GP after an accidental bump or bruise in case of intervention by social services.
The charity asked: "How concerned, if at all, are you that taking your child to your GP or A&E might trigger an unwarranted investigation by child protection staff?"
It said 26% said they were concerned, and 9% said they were "very" concerned.
Less than half said they were not at all concerned, and a further 26% said they were not very concerned.
Colin Hart, Director of The Christian Institute, said he was shocked by the figures: "Parents should never be frightened about taking their children after an accident to see a doctor but, as State interference in our private lives increases, anxiety among normal caring parents also rises."
"The Government and social services are seen as interfering and too quick to launch aggressive and unwarranted investigations. No wonder parents are living in fear."
The poll was commissioned to coincide with a legal challenge in the Supreme Court to the Scottish National Party's new State guardian scheme.
This Named Person scheme could see every child having a State official appointed at birth to monitor their wellbeing up until the age of 18.
Premier has contacted the Department of Health and is awaiting a response.
