The Heritage Lottery Fund is also giving money to the world's only surviving gas-lit cinema and the country home which inspired designer William Morris.
£3.6m will be going towards conservation work to remove St Mary Magdalene's Church in Paddington, London, from the "heritage at risk" list, as well as to build a new wing to connect it to the adjacent primary school.
St Albans Cathedral in Hertfordshire, the oldest continuous place of Christian worship in the country, is expected to receive £3.9m to increase access to it and to tell the story of St Alban, Britain's first Christian martyr.
The city was named after him.
Funding will go towards a new welcome centre, exhibition and study areas, as well as a library.
Money will also be spent on illuminating medieval wall paintings and rebuilding the ruined medieval shrine of St Amphibalus, the priest who converted Alban to Christianity.
Another church set to benefit is St Luke's Church buildings, City Museum and Art Gallery and Central Library.
Initial support has also been given to conserving St Marylebone Parish Church, Westminster, London and for a "beautiful burial ground" project which aims to uncover the heritage of burial grounds across England and Wales.
The National Maritime Museum, at Greenwich, is receiving £4.7m for new galleries which will explore the country's polar, Pacific and maritime heritage.
All of the projects will be sharing the sum of £55m.