Revd Canon Dr Alison Joyce was sent abusive letters every time she was given a more senior role.
The Rector of St Bride's Church in Fleet Street, London, told the Telegraph the hate mail was from other Christians.
"I got hate mail when I was first posted, and it was always from Christians. But I decided on day one of being ordained a deacon that I was not going to let it rattle me, and that I was never going to let that get in the way of my relationship with that person," she said.
The content of the letters is unknown.
She added: "There is always going to be some resistance, but then there always has been. There's been resistance to me taking on every role I have ever taken on."
Revd Joyce was prominent in the campaign for women bishops which succeeded last week when the Church of England General Synod passed legislation.
But there were conditions which means women bishops will not be forced on a diocese.
"What concerns me most is when the Church sets up structures so that people never have to be 'contaminated' by any glimpse of women's ministry at all. I find that deeply disturbing. We have to encounter each other," she said.