He's been writing in the Guardian after the Prime Minister confirmed he will attend the UN climate summit of world leaders in New York later this month.
The former Archbishop of Canterbury said: "The moral case for action is clear.
"It is those suffering the most who carry the least historic responsibility for our situation.
"The wealthier industrialised nations have the power to act and secure a safe world for today's poorest and tomorrow's children.
"The climate summit in New York offers the perfect opportunity for our leaders to show that there is indeed a sensitivity to the kind of prophetic vision that rouses us from complacency, and a will to secure the future of our children and grandchildren."
Rowan Williams now serves as the chair of development charity Christian Aid.
It will soon publish a report which examines the link between theology and climate change.
The document will suggest that climate justice is something that "echoes clearly the challenges found in the biblical prophets to a complacent and short-sighted society."
It's been written by Dr Susan Durber who said: "Prophets are sometimes unpopular and can be ridiculed by those who have much to lose if people really were to open their eyes.
"But they are those who consistently, and without fear, speak what they believe to be the truth."