Justin Welby held talks with Muhammadu Buhari in London.
Writing on Facebook, the Anglican leader said: "I expressed deep concern about the suffering resulting from raids on Christian communities and villages as far south as Delta State.
"We discussed the causes of such depredations, which have led to very many deaths and threaten an escalation of violence.
"I urged measures to restore confidence in the neutrality of the state, and spoke of the suffering of the poor in such tragedies."
The Archbishop also called upon the president to do "everything possible" to secure the release of Leah Sharibu - the 14-year old Dapchi Christian school girl still held captive by Boko Haram for refusing to convert to Islam.
Justin Welby previously worked in conflict resolution in Nigeria before he became Archbishop.
He finished his post by calling on Christians in the UK to pray for the various conflicts in Nigeria.
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